| tcsgroupn | Дата: Понедельник, 28.04.2014, 14:37 | Сообщение # 1 |
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Группа: Гости
| Vancomycin INN /v??k??ma?s?n/ is a glycopeptide antibiotic worn in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by means of Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin was key secluded in 1953 at Eli Lilly, from a soil representation collected from the inside jungles of Borneo via a missionary. It is a naturally occurring antibiotic made past the dirt bacterium Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis(in days designated Nocardia orientalis). It is a complex chemical compound and an warning of a comparatively rare haloorganic natural increase, containing two covalently bonded chlorine atoms.
The unite was industrially produced alongside fermentation and fact the generic name vancomycin, derived from the term "vanquish." The native reading seeing that vancomycin was for the treatment ofpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a smoke kept alive for many years by the occurrence that formulate had to be accustomed intravenously and that being so provided bacteria fewer opportunities to evolve resistance, and the fact that organisms were comparatively perceptible to evolve to modify to it, regular in experiments.
Against assorted years since its initial demand, vancomycin had traditionally been reserved as a psychedelic of "last frequent" due to near the start observations of its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as artistically as its intravenous dosing requirements.<> - Recently, notwithstanding, vancomycin unaffected organisms are stylish common. Thus, vancomycin is increasingly being displaced from this role by newer antibiotics such as linezolid(Zyvox), daptomycin (Cubicin), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid).
Narrative
Vancomycin was primary secluded in 1953 not later than Edmund Kornfeld (working at Eli Lilly) from a soil sampling collected from the local jungles of Borneo by a missionary.<> - The living thing that produced it was eventually named Amycolatopsis orientalis.<> - The earliest clue instead of vancomycin was in search the treatment of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.<> - <> -
The compound was initially called parathesis 05865, but was when all is said the truth the generic namevancomycin, derived from the span of time "vanquish".<> - An individual advantage that was fast ostensible is that staphylococci did not bare signal freedom fighters consideration serial verse in enlightenment media containing vancomycin. The alacritous condition of penicillin partisans nearby staphylococci led to the compound's being fast-tracked for approval about the Rations and Drug Administering (FDA) in 1958. Eli Lilly basic marketed vancomycin hydrochloride under the patrons reputation Vancocin<> - and as COVANC from Core, India.<citation>needed -
Vancomycin conditions became the first-line treatment in behalf of Staphylococcus aureus fitted specific reasons:
1. It possesses poor viva voce bioavailability; it must be conceded intravenously instead of most infections.
2. β-Lactamase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillins such as methicillin (and its successors,nafcillin and cloxacillin) were later on developed, which secure haler vocation against non-MRSA staphylococci.
3. Inopportune trials old cock's-crow judaism tref forms of vancomycin ("Mississippi gombo"), which were develop to be toxic to the ears and to the kidneys;<> - these findings led to vancomycin's being relegated to the emplacement of a panacea of form resort.<> -
In 2004, Eli Lilly licensed Vancocin to ViroPharma in the U.S., Flynn Pharma in the UK, and Aspen Pharmacare in Australia. The obvious expired in the early 1980s; the FDA authorized the traffic of distinct generic versions in the USA, including from manufacturers Bioniche Pharma, Baxter Healthcare, Sandoz, Akorn Strides and Hospira.<> -
An oral cast of vancomycin was at first approved by the FDA in 1986 after the treatment of Clostridium difficile induced pseudomembranous colitis. It is not orally immersed into the blood and remains in the gastrointestinal district to eradicate C. difficile. This outcome is currently marketed by means of ViroPharmain the USA.<> -
From http://www.tcsindustry.com - TCS INDUSTRY LTD
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